[100+] BIOLOGY MCQs & Answers {PDF} For NTS, NET, SSB, SSC, IBPS, RRB, Govt. Exams

1. Lipid
2. Protein
3. Mineral
4. Carbohydrate

Ans. C

Minerals are not considered macromolecules. Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are macromolecules commonly found in living organisms.

1. Transporting oxygen
2. Carrying nutrients
3. Immune defense
4. Storing energy

Ans. A

Red blood cells primarily function to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Mitochondria
3. Lysosome
4. Ribosome

Ans. B

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for cellular respiration, where energy is produced in the form of ATP.

1. Abscisic acid
2. Gibberellin
3. Insulin
4. Thyroxine

Ans. B

Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation and growth in plants.

1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Cell
4. Tissue

Ans. C

The cell is the smallest unit of life that can independently carry out all the processes necessary for life.

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Hippocampus

Ans. C

The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, is responsible for regulating essential functions like breathing and heart rate.

1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Methane

Ans. C

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary gas responsible for the greenhouse effect in the Earth’s atmosphere.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Cellular respiration
3. Fermentation
4. Transpiration

Ans. A

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose and oxygen.

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

Ans. D

Blood type O is considered the universal donor because it lacks A or B antigens, making it compatible with all other blood types.

1. Tuberculosis
2. Malaria
3. Cholera
4. Influenza

Ans. B

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through mosquito bites.

1. Stem
2. Leaves
3. Roots
4. Flowers

Ans. C

Roots are the primary plant organs responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.

1. Breaking down proteins
2. Breaking down carbohydrates
3. Breaking down fats
4. Transporting nutrients

Ans. B

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, specifically starches, into simpler sugars in the digestive system.

1. Tsetse fly
2. Tick
3. Mosquito
4. Flea

Ans. C

Mosquitoes are common vectors for diseases like dengue and Zika virus as they transmit the pathogens when they bite humans.

1. Heart
2. Liver
3. Skin
4. Lungs

Ans. C

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, serving various functions, including protection and temperature regulation.

1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Hydrogen

Ans. A

During photosynthesis, plants release oxygen gas (O2) into the atmosphere as a byproduct.

1. Cellular respiration
2. Transpiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Fermentation

Ans. C

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose and oxygen.

1. Lion
2. Snake
3. Cow
4. Eagle

Ans. C

A cow is an herbivore as it primarily consumes plant material, such as grass.

1. Oxygen transport
2. Filtering air
3. Gas exchange
4. Sound production

Ans. C

The alveoli are responsible for gas exchange, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled from the blood.

1. Stamen
2. Pistil
3. Root
4. Leaf

Ans. A

The stamen is the male reproductive organ in a flower and contains pollen grains.

1. Carrying oxygen
2. Fighting infections
3. Clotting blood
4. Digesting food

Ans. B

White blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections and defending the body against pathogens.

1. Protein synthesis
2. Cell division
3. Energy production
4. Passing genetic information to offspring

Ans. D

DNA replication ensures the accurate transfer of genetic information to offspring during cell division and reproduction.

1. Transporting oxygen
2. Producing hormones
3. Controlling body movements
4. Digesting food

Ans. C

The nervous system is responsible for controlling body movements, among other functions, through the transmission of signals.

1. Golgi apparatus
2. Mitochondria
3. Lysosome
4. Ribosome

Ans. B

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.

1. Gestation
2. Fertilization
3. Mitosis
4. Embryogenesis

Ans. D

Embryogenesis is the process by which an organism develops from a single fertilized egg cell, involving various stages of development.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Transpiration
4. Fermentation

Ans. C

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through small openings in their leaves, known as stomata.

1. Mitochondria
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Ribosome
4. Lysosome

Ans. C

Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.

1. Oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Nitrogen
4. Methane

Ans. C

Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere, making up approximately 78% of the air we breathe.

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosome
4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Ans. A

The nucleus is the part of the cell that stores genetic information in the form of DNA.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Digestion
4. Assimilation

Ans. C

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules to extract energy and nutrients for the body.

1. Producing insulin
2. Filtering blood
3. Transporting nutrients and oxygen
4. Producing antibodies

Ans. C

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

1. Storage of genetic information
2. Protection of the nucleus
3. Regulation of substances entering and exiting the cell
4. Production of energy

Ans. C

The cell membrane regulates the substances entering and exiting the cell, maintaining its internal environment.

1. Stamen
2. Petals
3. Seeds
4. Pistil

Ans. D

The pistil is the reproductive structure in a flower that typically contains the female reproductive organs, including the stigma, style, and ovary.

1. Stomach
2. Esophagus
3. Small intestine
4. Large intestine

Ans. C

The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.

1. T cells
2. B cells
3. Red blood cells
4. Platelets

Ans. B

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are essential for immune defense.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Fermentation
4. Assimilation

Ans. B

Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

1. Producing insulin
2. Filtering blood
3. Transporting oxygen
4. Producing bile

Ans. B

The primary function of the urinary system is to filter blood, remove waste products, and regulate fluid balance in the body.

1. Chlorophyll
2. Carotene
3. Anthocyanin
4. Phycocyanin

Ans. A

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis in plant cells.

1. Regeneration
2. Metamorphosis
3. Mutation
4. Asexual reproduction

Ans. A

Regeneration is the process by which some animals can regrow lost body parts, such as tails or limbs.

1. Digesting food
2. Transporting oxygen
3. Producing hormones
4. Muscle contraction

Ans. C

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

1. Nucleus
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Ribosome
4. Lysosome

Ans. B

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for transport within the cell and to other locations.

1. Producing red blood cells
2. Storing nutrients
3. Providing support and protection
4. Filtering blood

Ans. C

The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body’s organs and tissues.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. A

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic information.

1. Red blood cells
2. Neurons
3. White blood cells
4. Platelets

Ans. B

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system, allowing for communication between different parts of the body.

1. Phototropism
2. Hydrotropism
3. Geotropism
4. Chemotropism

Ans. A

Phototropism is the process by which plants bend or grow towards a source of light, optimizing their exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis.

1. Vasodilation
2. Vasopressin
3. Vasoconstriction
4. Vasorelaxation

Ans. C

Vasoconstriction is the process by which blood vessels narrow to reduce blood flow and increase blood pressure in response to various stimuli.

1. Malaria
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Lyme disease

Ans. C

Influenza is an example of an infectious disease caused by a virus, specifically the influenza virus.

1. Filtering blood
2. Producing hormones
3. Transporting oxygen
4. Digesting food

Ans. C

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the external environment.

1. Exocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Endocytosis

Ans. C

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs solid particles, such as bacteria or food particles, by extending its cell membrane around them.

1. Mosquito
2. Tsetse fly
3. Flea
4. Tick

Ans. D

Ticks are common vectors for the transmission of diseases like Lyme disease when they bite and feed on humans or animals.

1. Producing insulin
2. Regulating body temperature
3. Producing urine
4. Defending against infections

Ans. D

The immune system’s primary function is to defend the body against infections and foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.

1. Mitochondria
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Peroxisome
4. Lysosome

Ans. C

The peroxisome is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, in the cell.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. B

Meiosis is the process that involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity in offspring.

1. Amniotic sac
2. Umbilical cord
3. Placenta
4. Blastocyst

Ans. A

The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo in mammals during pregnancy.

1. Producing red blood cells
2. Storing nutrients
3. Detoxifying the blood
4. Transporting oxygen

Ans. C

The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying the blood and processing various metabolic waste products.

1. Apoptosis
2. Regeneration
3. Metamorphosis
4. Differentiation

Ans. B

Regeneration is the process involved in the repair of damaged tissues by the formation of new cells, allowing organisms to recover from injuries.

1. Producing red blood cells
2. Storing nutrients
3. Providing support and protection
4. Filtering blood

Ans. C

The primary function of the skeletal system is to provide support and protection for the body’s organs and tissues.

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosome
4. Nucleolus

Ans. D

The nucleolus is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), an essential component of ribosomes.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
3. Respiration
4. Fermentation

Ans. B

Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through small openings in their leaves, helping maintain water and nutrient transport.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
4. Storing genetic information

Ans. C

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport within and outside the cell.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Lysis
4. Autophagy

Ans. D

Autophagy is the process by which a cell breaks down and recycles its own components, including damaged organelles, to maintain cellular health.

1. Carrying oxygen
2. Clotting blood
3. Producing insulin
4. Digesting food

Ans. A

Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and returning carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation.

1. Cellular respiration
2. Transpiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Fermentation

Ans. C

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, converting them into glucose and oxygen.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Storage of genetic information
4. Detoxification

Ans. B

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell, where they translate genetic information into proteins.

1. Producing hormones
2. Filtering blood
3. Transporting nutrients and oxygen
4. Storing energy

Ans. C

The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

1. Gestation
2. Fertilization
3. Metamorphosis
4. Adaptation

Ans. C

Metamorphosis is the process by which an organism undergoes a series of changes and development stages, often involving significant transformation.

1. Producing insulin
2. Regulating body temperature
3. Excreting waste products
4. Filtering blood

Ans. C

The excretory system is responsible for excreting waste products and regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. B

Meiosis is the process by which a cell divides into four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, involved in the formation of gametes.

1. Storing genetic information
2. Regulating cell division
3. Site of protein synthesis
4. Supporting cellular structures

Ans. D

The cytoplasm supports cellular structures, provides a medium for metabolic reactions, and helps maintain cell shape.

1. Producing insulin
2. Regulating body temperature
3. Reproducing and passing on genetic information
4. Filtering blood

Ans. C

The primary function of the reproductive system is to reproduce and pass on genetic information to the next generation.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Energy production
3. Protein synthesis
4. Cell division

Ans. B

The primary function of mitochondria is to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration.

1. Exocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Endocytosis

Ans. C

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs and digests large particles, such as invading bacteria or cellular debris.

1. Filtering blood
2. Producing hormones
3. Receiving and transmitting sensory information
4. Storing genetic information

Ans. C

The nervous system’s major function is to receive and transmit sensory information, allowing for coordination and response to external stimuli.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Cloning

Ans. D

Cloning is the process by which an organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, often through asexual reproduction.

1. Transporting oxygen
2. Producing insulin
3. Regulating body temperature
4. Protecting the body from external threats

Ans. D

The integumentary system’s function is to protect the body from external threats, including pathogens, UV radiation, and dehydration.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. D

Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform specific functions in the body.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Lipid metabolism
4. Storage of genetic information

Ans. B

The primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to assist in protein synthesis, folding, and modification.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Asexual reproduction
4. Fertilization

Ans. C

Asexual reproduction is the process by which certain organisms can produce offspring without the need for a mate or fertilization, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

1. Evolution
2. Metamorphosis
3. Immunity
4. Acclimation

Ans. A

Evolution is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time through genetic changes and natural selection.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. A

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

1. Producing hormones
2. Filtering blood
3. Transporting oxygen
4. Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

Ans. D

The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food and absorb nutrients, providing energy and essential components for the body.

1. Reproduction
2. Adaptation
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis

Ans. D

Homeostasis is the process by which organisms respond to internal and external stimuli and maintain a stable internal environment.

1. Producing red blood cells
2. Storing nutrients
3. Providing support and protection
4. Regulating body temperature

Ans. C

The primary function of the skeletal system is to provide support and protection for the body’s organs and tissues.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
3. Respiration
4. Fermentation

Ans. A

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen into the atmosphere, using sunlight to convert CO2 into glucose.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Storage of genetic information
4. Lipid metabolism

Ans. C

The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic information in the form of DNA and controls cellular activities, including protein synthesis.

1. Producing hormones
2. Filtering blood
3. Transporting nutrients and oxygen
4. Storing energy

Ans. C

The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

1. Evolution
2. Metamorphosis
3. Immunity
4. Acclimation

Ans. A

Evolution is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time through genetic changes and natural selection.

1. Phototropism
2. Hydrotropism
3. Geotropism
4. Thigmotropism

Ans. A

Phototropism is the process by which plants bend and grow toward a source of light, optimizing photosynthesis.

1. Producing insulin
2. Storing nutrients
3. Filtering blood
4. Facilitating gas exchange

Ans. D

The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, crucial for cellular respiration.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
3. Respiration
4. Fermentation

Ans. C

Respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy from food in the presence of oxygen, releasing ATP.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Regulating cell entry and exit
4. Storing genetic information

Ans. C

The cell membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining cell homeostasis.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Aerobic respiration
3. Cellular respiration
4. Anaerobic respiration

Ans. D

Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP without oxygen, often leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Photosynthesis
4. Lipid metabolism

Ans. C

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into glucose and oxygen.

1. Gestation
2. Fertilization
3. Metamorphosis
4. Adaptation

Ans. C

Metamorphosis is the process by which an organism transforms from a juvenile form to an adult form with distinct characteristics, often seen in insects like butterflies.

1. Energy production
2. Lipid metabolism
3. Detoxifying harmful substances
4. Protein synthesis

Ans. C

Peroxisomes play a role in detoxifying harmful substances within the cell, breaking down toxic compounds.

1. Replication
2. Translation
3. Transcription
4. Recombination

Ans. C

Transcription is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA, a crucial step in protein synthesis.

1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
3. Respiration
4. Fermentation

Ans. B

Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through small openings in their leaves, helping to transport nutrients and maintain water balance.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Transport and modification of cellular proteins
4. Storage of genetic information

Ans. C

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the transport and modification of cellular proteins, packaging them for various cellular functions.

1. Metamorphosis
2. Acclimatization
3. Homeostasis
4. Hydration

Ans. A

Metamorphosis is the process by which certain organisms, like amphibians, undergo a double life stage, one in water and one on land, with distinct adaptations for each environment.

1. Energy production
2. Protein synthesis
3. Digestion of cellular waste and foreign material
4. Storage of genetic information

Ans. C

Lysosomes play a role in the digestion of cellular waste and foreign material, containing enzymes that break down cellular debris and help maintain cell health.

1. Evolution
2. Immunity
3. Adaptation
4. Metabolism

Ans. B

Immunity is the process by which an organism can develop resistance to a specific pathogen or toxin after exposure, protecting against future infections.

1. Regulating body temperature
2. Producing insulin
3. Facilitating gas exchange
4. Producing red blood cells

Ans. B

The endocrine system is responsible for producing hormones, including insulin, that regulate various body functions and maintain homeostasis.

1. Exocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Endocytosis

Ans. C

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs and digests large particles or other cells, playing a key role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens.

1. Storing energy
2. Moving body parts
3. Filtering blood
4. Regulating body temperature

Ans. B

The primary function of skeletal muscle tissue is to move body parts, allowing for voluntary movement and locomotion.

1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Fertilization
4. Differentiation

Ans. B

Meiosis is the process by which a cell divides into four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, involved in the formation of gametes.