[30+] Bacteriology MCQs & Answers {PDF} For NTS, NET, SSB, SSC, IBPS, RRB, Govt. Exams

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Bacteriology MCQs & Answers

Which bacterial structure is responsible for locomotion?
  1. Cell wall
  2. Capsule
  3. Flagella
  4. Ribosomes

Ans. C

Flagella are the whip-like structures that bacteria use for movement.

What is the most common shape of bacteria?
  1. Coccus
  2. Bacillus
  3. Spirillum
  4. Staphylococcus

Ans. A

Coccus is the most common shape, representing spherical or round bacteria.

Which bacterial stain is used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Safranin
  3. Gram stain
  4. Methylene blue

Ans. C

The Gram stain technique is used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

What is the primary function of bacterial endospores?
  1. Reproduction
  2. Metabolism
  3. Protection during adverse conditions
  4. Respiration

Ans. C

Bacterial endospores serve to protect the bacterium during harsh environmental conditions.

Which bacterial genus includes species that can fix nitrogen in the soil?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Rhizobium
  4. Streptococcus

Ans. C

Rhizobium is known for its ability to fix nitrogen in a mutualistic relationship with plant roots.

Which bacterial structure is involved in DNA transfer between bacteria during conjugation?
  1. Cell wall
  2. Pilus
  3. Capsule
  4. Flagella

Ans. B

The pilus is responsible for DNA transfer between bacteria during conjugation.

Which bacterial organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria?
  1. Chloroplast
  2. Mitochondrion
  3. Thylakoid membrane
  4. Chromatophore

Ans. D

Chromatophores are responsible for photosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria.

Which bacterial genus is associated with the formation of dental plaque and tooth decay?
  1. Streptococcus
  2. Escherichia
  3. Salmonella
  4. Pseudomonas

Ans. A

Streptococcus is commonly associated with dental plaque and tooth decay.

What is the primary mode of reproduction in bacteria?
  1. Budding
  2. Fission
  3. Conjugation
  4. Binary fission

Ans. D

Binary fission is the primary mode of bacterial reproduction.

Which bacterial genus includes species that cause tuberculosis?
  1. Staphylococcus
  2. Escherichia
  3. Mycobacterium
  4. Klebsiella

Ans. C

Mycobacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis.

What is the function of a bacterial plasmid?
  1. Energy production
  2. DNA replication
  3. Antibiotic resistance
  4. Protein synthesis

Ans. C

Bacterial plasmids often carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

Which bacterial genus is associated with the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of leguminous plants?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Streptococcus
  3. Nitrobacter
  4. Rhizobium

Ans. D

Rhizobium forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants to fix nitrogen.

Which bacterial staining method is used to visualize the spore-forming structures within bacterial cells?
  1. Gram stain
  2. Acid-fast stain
  3. Endospore stain
  4. Capsule stain

Ans. C

The endospore stain is used to visualize spore-forming structures within bacterial cells.

Which bacterial structure provides resistance to desiccation, radiation, and chemicals?
  1. Flagella
  2. Plasmid
  3. Endospore
  4. Capsule

Ans. C

Endospores provide resistance to various environmental stresses.

Which bacterial genus is commonly associated with food poisoning and gastroenteritis?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Salmonella
  3. Lactobacillus
  4. Clostridium

Ans. B

Salmonella is known for causing food poisoning and gastroenteritis.

What is the function of the bacterial ribosome?
  1. DNA replication
  2. Cell division
  3. Protein synthesis
  4. Metabolism

Ans. C

The bacterial ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis.

Which bacterial genus includes species that are commonly found in yogurt and probiotics?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Lactobacillus
  3. Salmonella
  4. Pseudomonas

Ans. B

Lactobacillus species are commonly found in yogurt and probiotics.

Which bacterial genus includes species that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Staphylococcus
  3. Clostridium
  4. Mycobacterium

Ans. A

Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

What is the primary stain used in the Gram stain procedure?
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Gram’s iodine
  3. Alcohol or acetone
  4. Safranin

Ans. A

Crystal violet is the primary stain used in the Gram stain procedure.

Which bacterial structure is primarily composed of peptidoglycan?
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Capsule
  3. Ribosome
  4. Cell wall

Ans. D

The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan.

Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing the sexually transmitted infection known as gonorrhea?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Neisseria
  3. Clostridium
  4. Streptococcus

Ans. B

Neisseria species cause gonorrhea.

Which bacterial genus is known for its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil, benefiting plant growth?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Staphylococcus
  3. Azotobacter
  4. Bacillus

Ans. C

Azotobacter is known for its nitrogen-fixing capabilities in soil.

Which bacterial staining method is used to visualize acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
  1. Gram stain
  2. Endospore stain
  3. Acid-fast stain
  4. Capsule stain

Ans. C

The acid-fast stain is used to visualize acid-fast bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing Lyme disease?
  1. Borrelia
  2. Legionella
  3. Corynebacterium
  4. Haemophilus

Ans. A

Borrelia species are known for causing Lyme disease.

Which bacterial structure is associated with the ability to exchange genetic material through transformation?
  1. Pilus
  2. Flagella
  3. Capsule
  4. Plasmid

Ans. A

The pilus is involved in genetic material exchange during transformation in bacteria.

Which bacterial genus includes species that can convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, benefiting plant growth?
  1. Nitrobacter
  2. Rhizobium
  3. Legionella
  4. Nitrosomonas

Ans. B

Rhizobium species can convert nitrogen gas into ammonia through nitrogen fixation.

Which bacterial staining method is used to visualize the presence of a bacterial capsule?
  1. Gram stain
  2. Acid-fast stain
  3. Endospore stain
  4. Capsule stain

Ans. D

The capsule stain is used to visualize the presence of bacterial capsules.

Which bacterial genus includes species responsible for causing the common cold and other respiratory infections?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Haemophilus
  3. Streptococcus
  4. Rhinovirus

Ans. D

Rhinovirus is a common cause of the common cold and respiratory infections.

Which bacterial structure is involved in the storage of genetic material and is not essential for bacterial survival?
  1. Nucleus
  2. Ribosome
  3. Endospore
  4. Plasmid

Ans. D

Plasmids store genetic material and are not essential for bacterial survival.

Which bacterial genus includes species that can fix nitrogen in a mutualistic relationship with root nodules of legume plants?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Agrobacterium
  3. Streptococcus
  4. Rhizobium

Ans. D

Rhizobium forms a mutualistic relationship with legume plants to fix nitrogen.

Which bacterial structure is responsible for maintaining cell shape and protecting the cell membrane?
  1. Pilus
  2. Capsule
  3. Cell wall
  4. Flagella

Ans. C

The bacterial cell wall maintains cell shape and protects the cell membrane.

Which bacterial genus includes species that cause stomach ulcers?
  1. Escherichia
  2. Clostridium
  3. Helicobacter
  4. Salmonella

Ans. C

Helicobacter species are associated with causing stomach ulcers.

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