[100+] SOCIOLOGY: MCQs and Answers {PDF} For NTS, NET, SSB, SSC, IBPS, RRB, Govt. Exams

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01. Who is considered the founding figure of sociology?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Auguste Comte
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

02. What is the sociological term for a set of organized beliefs and practices that guide human behavior?
a) Culture
b) Norms
c) Religion
d) Morality

Ans. C

03. Which sociological perspective focuses on how society maintains stability and order?
a) Conflict theory
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Structural functionalism
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

04. What concept refers to the process of learning the norms and values of one’s culture?
a) Socialization
b) Deviance
c) Assimilation
d) Alienation

Ans. A

05. Which type of society is characterized by hunting and gathering as the primary means of subsistence?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. D

06. What is the term for the shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a society?
a) Laws
b) Mores
c) Folkways
d) Norms

Ans. D

07. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of symbols and language in shaping social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Conflict theory
c) Symbolic interactionism
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

08. What term describes the process by which individuals or groups are excluded from full participation in society?
a) Socialization
b) Segregation
c) Deviance
d) Social stratification

Ans. D

09. Which sociological perspective focuses on how power and inequality influence social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

10. What term describes the process by which different cultures come into contact and exchange ideas and practices?
a) Globalization
b) Assimilation
c) Multiculturalism
d) Acculturation

Ans. A

11. What sociological concept refers to the behaviors, beliefs, and norms that are typically associated with being male or female?
a) Gender roles
b) Sexual orientation
c) Social class
d) Age stratification

Ans. A

12. What is the term for a group of people who share a common culture and identity?
a) Society
b) Community
c) Ethnicity
d) Subculture

Ans. C

13. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of media and popular culture in shaping society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Cultural studies
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

14. What concept describes the belief in and worship of a single, all-powerful deity or god?
a) Polytheism
b) Monotheism
c) Agnosticism
d) Atheism

Ans. B

15. Who is known for his study of the “Iron Cage” and the impact of rationalization on modern society?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Emile Durkheim
d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. B

16. What term describes a type of social interaction that involves two or more people who influence each other’s behavior?
a) Isolation
b) Interaction
c) Socialization
d) Engagement

Ans. B

17. What is the term for the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on various factors like income and education?
a) Class struggle
b) Social mobility
c) Social stratification
d) Class conflict

Ans. C

18. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of gender in shaping social interactions and inequalities?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. D

19. What term refers to the process of learning the cultural norms and values of one’s own society?
a) Assimilation
b) Enculturation
c) Acculturation
d) Globalization

Ans. B

20. Who coined the term “sociological imagination” to describe the ability to see the connection between personal experiences and larger social forces?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Auguste Comte
d) C. Wright Mills

Ans. D

21. What is the sociological term for a group that shares a common identity based on factors like race, ethnicity, or nationality?
a) Subculture
b) Counterculture
c) Ethnic group
d) Social class

Ans. C

22. Which sociological perspective focuses on the impact of mass media and communication on society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. D

23. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of large corporations and advanced technology?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. C

24. What concept refers to the violation of social norms and rules?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

25. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of power and conflict in society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

26. What term describes the process by which an individual or group adopts the culture of a dominant or host society?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Segregation
d) Multiculturalism

Ans. A

27. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of individuals in creating and shaping society through their actions and interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

28. What term describes the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture?
a) Globalization
b) Assimilation
c) Acculturation
d) Isolation

Ans. C

29. Who is known for his study of the “social facts” and the influence of social forces on individual behavior?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Emile Durkheim
d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. C

30. What term describes the belief in and worship of multiple deities or gods?
a) Polytheism
b) Monotheism
c) Henotheism
d) Pantheism

Ans. A

31. What is the term for a society characterized by small, close-knit communities and subsistence farming?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. D

32. Who developed the concept of the “looking glass self,” which describes how individuals see themselves based on the perceptions of others?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Charles Horton Cooley
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

33. What term describes the study of the social and cultural lives of individuals and groups in society?
a) Sociology
b) Psychology
c) Anthropology
d) Economics

Ans. A

34. Which sociological perspective focuses on the ways in which individuals and groups define and create reality through shared symbols and meanings?
a) Functionalism
b) Conflict theory
c) Symbolic interactionism
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

35. What is the term for a set of social institutions and practices that create and maintain a stable society?
a) Cultural relativism
b) Social structure
c) Cultural diffusion
d) Social construct

Ans. B

36. What concept refers to the shared expectations and behaviors associated with a particular status or role in society?
a) Identity
b) Stereotype
c) Socialization
d) Role

Ans. D

37. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of class struggle and the exploitation of the working class?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

38. What is the term for the process by which individuals or groups adapt to the dominant culture while retaining some of their original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Integration
d) Cultural hybridity

Ans. A

39. Who is known for the concept of the “double consciousness” experienced by African Americans in the United States?
a) W.E.B. Du Bois
b) Harriet Martineau
c) C. Wright Mills
d) Karl Marx

Ans. A

40. What term describes the systematic study of human society and social interactions?
a) Anthropology
b) Sociology
c) Psychology
d) Economics

Ans. B

41. What is the term for a set of beliefs, values, and practices that are shared by members of a society and passed down from one generation to the next?
a) Culture
b) Subculture
c) Counterculture
d) Norms

Ans. A

42. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of gender and the patriarchy in society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. D

43. What is the term for a set of practices, rituals, and beliefs related to the sacred and the divine?
a) Morality
b) Religion
c) Atheism
d) Secularism

Ans. B

44. Who is known for the concept of “anomie” and its role in understanding suicide rates?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Emile Durkheim
d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. C

45. What term describes the process of learning the cultural norms and values of a society different from one’s own?
a) Enculturation
b) Acculturation
c) Assimilation
d) Socialization

Ans. B

46. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of media and popular culture in shaping society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Cultural studies
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

47. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of technology and information as primary means of production?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. C

48. What concept refers to the violation of widely held cultural and social norms?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

49. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of individuals in creating and shaping society through their actions and interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

50. What is the term for the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining elements of one’s original culture?
a) Multiculturalism
b) Acculturation
c) Integration
d) Globalization

Ans. B

51. What term describes the process by which individuals or groups are ranked in a social hierarchy based on their access to resources and opportunities?
a) Socialization
b) Deviance
c) Social stratification
d) Alienation

Ans. C

52. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of race and ethnicity in shaping social interactions and inequalities?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Racial theory

Ans. C

53. What is the term for a system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine, often involving rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

54. Who is known for the concept of the “power elite” and the concentration of power in the hands of a few key individuals and institutions?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) C. Wright Mills
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

55. What term describes the process of learning the cultural norms and values of one’s society through socialization?
a) Enculturation
b) Acculturation
c) Assimilation
d) Cultural transmission

Ans. D

56. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of media in promoting consumerism and shaping desires?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. D

57. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of agriculture as the primary means of subsistence?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. A

58. What concept refers to the violation of legal norms and rules in society?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

59. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of gender roles and their impact on society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. D

60. What term describes the process of individuals from different cultures coming into contact and exchanging ideas and practices?
a) Globalization
b) Assimilation
c) Multiculturalism
d) Acculturation

Ans. A

61. What is the term for the systematic study of human society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture?
a) Anthropology
b) Sociology
c) Psychology
d) Economics

Ans. B

62. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of family, education, and religion in maintaining stability in society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. A

63. What term describes the process of learning the norms and values of one’s own culture?
a) Assimilation
b) Enculturation
c) Acculturation
d) Globalization

Ans. B

64. Who is known for the concept of the “self-fulfilling prophecy” and the idea that people’s beliefs about themselves can influence their behavior?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Robert K. Merton
d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. C

65. What term describes the beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine that often involve rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

66. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of symbols, language, and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

67. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of manufacturing and industry as the primary means of production?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. B

68. What concept refers to the violation of social norms and rules?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

69. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of media in shaping public opinion and social attitudes?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. C

70. What term describes the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Integration
d) Cultural hybridity

Ans. A

71. What is the term for a system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine, often involving rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

72. Who is known for the concept of the “power elite” and the concentration of power in the hands of a few key individuals and institutions?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) C. Wright Mills
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

73. What term describes the process of learning the cultural norms and values of one’s society through socialization?
a) Enculturation
b) Acculturation
c) Assimilation
d) Cultural transmission

Ans. D

74. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of family, education, and religion in maintaining stability in society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. A

75. What term describes the beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine that often involve rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

76. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of symbols, language, and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

77. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of manufacturing and industry as the primary means of production?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. B

78. What concept refers to the violation of social norms and rules?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

79. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of media in shaping public opinion and social attitudes?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. C

80. What term describes the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Integration
d) Cultural hybridity

Ans. A

81. What is the term for the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society based on factors like race, class, and gender?
a) Socialization
b) Deviance
c) Social stratification
d) Alienation

Ans. C

82. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of race and ethnicity in shaping social interactions and inequalities?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Racial theory

Ans. C

83. What is the term for a system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine, often involving rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

84. Who is known for the concept of the “power elite” and the concentration of power in the hands of a few key individuals and institutions?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) C. Wright Mills
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

85. What term describes the process of learning the cultural norms and values of one’s society through socialization?
a) Enculturation
b) Acculturation
c) Assimilation
d) Cultural transmission

Ans. B

86. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of symbols, language, and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

87. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of manufacturing and industry as the primary means of production?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. B

88. What concept refers to the violation of social norms and rules?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

89. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of media in shaping public opinion and social attitudes?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. C

90. What term describes the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Integration
d) Cultural hybridity

Ans. A

91. What term is used to describe the beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine, often involving rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality
c) Religion
d) Atheism

Ans. C

Religion encompasses the beliefs and practices related to the sacred and often involves rituals and ceremonies.

92. Who is known for the concept of the “power elite” and the concentration of power in the hands of a few key individuals and institutions?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) C. Wright Mills
d) Emile Durkheim

Ans. C

C. Wright Mills is known for the concept of the “power elite” and the concentration of power in the hands of a few key individuals and institutions.

93. What term describes the process of learning the cultural norms and values of one’s society through socialization?
a) Enculturation
b) Acculturation
c) Assimilation
d) Cultural transmission

Ans. D

The correct term for the process of learning cultural norms and values is “cultural transmission.”

94. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of family, education, and religion in maintaining stability in society?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. A

Functionalism emphasizes the role of family, education, and religion in maintaining stability in society.

95. What term describes the beliefs and practices related to the sacred and the divine that often involve rituals and ceremonies?
a) Morality
b) Spirituality d) Atheism

Ans. C

Religion encompasses beliefs and practices related to the sacred, often involving rituals and ceremonies.

96. Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of symbols, language, and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. B

Symbolic interactionism focuses on symbols, language, and nonverbal communication in shaping social interactions.

97. What is the term for a society characterized by the dominance of manufacturing and industry as the primary means of production?
a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. B

An industrial society is characterized by the dominance of manufacturing and industry as the primary means of production.

98. What concept refers to the violation of social norms and rules?
a) Conformity
b) Deviance
c) Rebellion
d) Obedience

Ans. B

Deviance refers to the violation of social norms and rules in society.

99. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of media in shaping public opinion and social attitudes?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Media theory
d) Cultural studies

Ans. C

Media theory emphasizes the role of media in shaping public opinion and social attitudes.

100. What term describes the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Isolation
c) Integration
d) Cultural hybridity

Ans. A

Assimilation is the process of adapting to and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices.

101. Which sociological perspective focuses on the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society based on factors like race, class, and gender?
a) Functionalism
b) Symbolic interactionism
c) Conflict theory
d) Feminist theory

Ans. C

Conflict theory focuses on the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society, often based on factors like race, class, and gender.

102. Who coined the term “anomie” to describe a state of normlessness or moral confusion in society?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Emile Durkheim
d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. C

Emile Durkheim coined the term “anomie” to describe a state of normlessness or moral confusion in society.

103. Which type of society is characterized by a strong focus on agriculture as the primary means of production?
a) Post-industrial society
b) Industrial society
c) Agricultural society
d) Preindustrial society

Ans. C

An agricultural society is characterized by a strong focus on agriculture as the primary means of production.

104. What is the term for a system of beliefs and practices that focus on the well-being and happiness of individuals, often with an emphasis on self-realization and personal growth?
a) Capitalism
b) Collectivism
c) Hedonism
d) Individualism

Ans. D

Individualism is a system of beliefs and practices that focus on the well-being and happiness of individuals, often with an emphasis on self-realization and personal growth.

105. What is the term for the process of learning and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices?
a) Assimilation
b) Acculturation
c) Integration
d) Cultural adaptation

Ans. B

Acculturation is the process of learning and adopting elements of a foreign culture while retaining some original cultural practices.

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